October 2, 2008
The Hippie: Rethinking Autonomy in Middle School
Posted by Dina under Assessment, General[13] Comments
If you’re a regular reader of my blog, you may have a good bead on why my teaching team at school has affectionately dubbed me “The Hippie.”
I let the kids work on clipboards out of their seats. I assign homework once a week, if that. I spend inordinate amounts of time conferencing individually so I can match students with books they’ll fall in love with. And our first whole class assignment was to compile a list of, and vote upon, procedures for dealing with behaviors that violated the two root norms I gave them (participation and respect).
It’s important to note here that I list all suggested procedures for the vote, even those with which I disagree. This is one of the central components of the constructivist and autonomist learning theories on which I build my instruction. In otherwords: after laying down some tools and guidelines, it’s usually a better choice for a teacher to mainly shut up and let the kids figure things out for themselves.
I’d tweaked the rules-creating thing considerably since last year, and was really pleased with the reception. Kids were surprised, engaged, invested. I began with an idea stolen from a colleague: ask for a list of teacher behaviors that kids hate. This is an assignment for which students have no end of enthusiasm (or, sadly, material).
Among them were the hysterical (”Coffee breath. Could you people please chew some gum?”), the horrifying (”I hate it when teachers have long conversations on their cell phones in the middle of class”), the obvious (”I hate it when the teacher punishes the whole class for someone one person has done”), and this near unanimous statement: We hate it when the teacher deliberately embarrasses us in front of our peers.
Fast forward to our voting results. Imagine my seriously disconcerted amusement when out of approximately 80 kids, 42 vote to handle misbehaviors by putting the offending student in an isolated desk, in full view of all, in the middle of the room for the period. (The desk in question, ironically, was a temporary base for my digital projector and wasn’t supposed to be there at all.) The students were quite clear that the purpose of this was shame and mockery.
Interesting. Very interesting.
So I whip up a Powerpoint slide showing the voting results and the initial list of hated teacher behavior, with the bold red title: WE HAVE A CONTRADICTION. I gently ask a representative sample of my class sections to fill out index cards telling me how this contradiction could be.
Read their tallied answers, and ponder with me.
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#4: I don’t think kids took the voting seriously.
This, I think, was a key issue. No matter how earnestly and thoroughly I present a co-government model to the students, it goes so deeply against the grain of the majority of their classroom experiences that they refuse to buy in, despite themselves. Mark Windschitl calls this cultural dissonance one of the strongest forces working against constructivism in schools today. So much for our cherished myth of the Lone Ranger Teacher. (Or the Lone Hippie, as it were.)
#3: You’re not being embarrassed by sitting in a corner. You’re being embarrassed by your behavior.
A undeniably strong cohort of kids feel public humiliation to be an appropriate and effective punishment, even though– perhaps because– they hate it personally.
#2: We think it’s funny to laugh at our friends.
This commendably honest insight, you’ll note, has nothing to do with the efficacy of the punishment; it just highlights its pure entertainment. I find myself wondering all kinds of things when I read this. Is our generational gap so unbridgeable, our curricula so existentially useless, our instruction so god-awful boring, our teens’ collective media-shaped sense of humor so cruel, that kids rely on the enlivenment of a classroom solely via crime and punishment? This could keep me up at night.
#1: We don’t want to be embarrassed, but we want to embarrass other people.
It’s tempting to wash my hands of this ambiguity by attributing it to the traditionally regarded shift in preteens from Piaget’s concrete operations to formal operations. I do think there’s some broad truth to the idea that preteens are only just beginning to think outside their little bubbles. A Summer 2008 article from cognitive scientist Dan Willingham has me rethinking cognitive stages entirely, however. He makes this bold and terrifying statement: Recognize that no content is inherently developmentally inappropriate.
Whoa. So once again, it comes back to me. How am I, as teacher, actually asking my kids to move beyond their simplistic (if only human) concepts of equality and justice? How am I teaching them compassion?
And is this something I can even teach?
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I don’t think any of this constitutes an infallibly damning argument against autonomist approaches for middle school kids. However, I think it does– painfully– point out that these approaches cannot be considered some kind of magical silver anti-establishment Bullet of Happiness. (Someone needs to do a cartoon of this. Any takers?)
Let’s summarize. Via autonomy, preteens are not only being asked to stretch their moral and social thinking in an already tumultuous time, but to do so in a wacked out classroom environment which is explicitly unsupported by the infrastructure of most public schools. Additionally, unlike younger counterparts, preteens will have that many more years under their belts to internalize and solidify survival tactics in the social totalitarianism that is standard fare in both the classroom and the lunchroom. Indeed, they may be well on their way to swallowing it all with a smile.
There will be backfiring, incomplete thinking, dissonance, resistance. These challenges need to be met very thoughtfully and carefully indeed. A mere vote on whether to use a dunce cap or not ain’t going to cut it.
For now, I’ve split the difference with the kids by going with their second procedural choice for misbehaviors, which is a system of warning cards used by two other teachers on my team. It’s effective, silent, respectful, and doesn’t re-invent the wheel. But at bottom this merely sidesteps the problem of how not to become an autocrat when when what the kids want, even democratically, is something that I don’t think is right. I’ve copped out, and I don’t like it.
The Hippie has some things to think about for next year.
Dan Willingham’s website: http://www.danielwillingham.com .
October 2nd, 2008 at 8:53 pm
I did a similar activity suggested by a colleague opening day- asked the students to finish the statement “I wish teachers wouldn’t…”.
My number one response was “give so much homework.” Probably the next most common was “give me detention”.
My two favorite responses were “I wish teachers wouldn’t go around the room going ‘mmhm’or correcting people” and ” I wish teachers wouldn’t do dancing.”
October 3rd, 2008 at 9:06 am
[...] The Hippie: Rethinking Autonomy in Middle School | The Line There are hippie teachers just like there are hippie programmers? I think I'm a hippie teacher too. (tags: teaching ideas constructivism autonomy) [...]
October 3rd, 2008 at 10:45 am
Once again, your approach is very impressive. There are so many tips passed around by teachers aimed at tricking students into doing what the teacher wants…and it turns out that just talking with the students has good results -and- is a great learning opportunity.
October 3rd, 2008 at 1:36 pm
I wonder whether it would have been worthwhile, after pointing out the contradiction, to ask them to vote on which idea they’d rather *drop* – do they care more about not embarrassing themselves, or about (what they’ve chosen to be) the most effective punishment?
October 3rd, 2008 at 2:22 pm
I’ve done similar types of activities with students at the outset of the year. Most years I find that students come up with rules much more strict than I would impose were it left to me alone.
By the time they get up to middle school or high school their little heads have been brainwashed to believe there’s only one way to do school, and it takes a long time to rearrange those students’ neurons to believe it can be done differently.
It can be a tiring fight, but I’m glad you’re doing it.
October 3rd, 2008 at 5:43 pm
I’ve tried asking for teacher expectations before (twice) but never got anything past “too much homework” and a list nearly identical to the student expectations. Any tips for getting them to open up?
October 3rd, 2008 at 8:02 pm
Forgive me. At home fighting a wicked flu. I am super grateful for all the comments and links and will get back to you when I no longer need intravenous Gatorade.
October 5th, 2008 at 6:38 pm
Great opportunity to teach the categorical imperative and discuss the relative merits (and data about results) of punitive versus rehabilitative approaches.
But, to address your larger question: you clearly don’t want a dictatorship, and don’t really want democracy when the “citizens” are middle school students. From what I’ve read of your writing, I think you want informed consensus. You want everyone to commit to the process of discussing and satisfying one another’s concerns until everyone is comfortable with the outcome — including you. However, this may not be viable with middle school students. It often is not viable with adults.
October 6th, 2008 at 7:22 am
Dearest Dina, thanks for finally implementing my worldview in your classroom. Seriously though, I renegotiate those contracts all the time throughout the year as needed and as situations arise. I have found that over the long run this process creates a really nice classroom culture where kids drop that BS facade that school typically makes them put up and they can actually focus on what it means to wonder and think. Anyway, I just got married…I shouldn’t be reading blogs. We’ll talk when I’m back from the mountains.
October 6th, 2008 at 9:24 am
I think what’s lacking with your fledgling citizens is imagination. They simply cannot imagine appropriate, internally driven responses to unsocial classroom behaviors. They don’t have many models in this world, either, having been raised on television and School as We Know It.
Cheer up. The value was in actually asking the students for feedback on norms and irritating teacher behaviors. Having been asked by you, they may ask themselves: what is the right thing to do? As Joe notes, it’s all in the ongoing renegotiations.
The first time I read comments at the “rate my teacher” site, I was surprised to see one very anti-Flanagan set of numbers with this comment–paraphrasing–”Mrs. Flanagan never yells at kids when they misbehave. She just stands there, with her arms folded, looking at them.” And that was a bad thing. Obviously written by someone who got their jollies and sense of entitlement by comparing herself to the Bad Kids.
Yeah, that’s me, all right. I probably also have coffee breath.
October 13th, 2008 at 7:59 pm
Dina,
> I’ve copped out, and I don’t like it.
You haven’t copped out, you just didn’t catch it: your student’s preferred response to violations of the root norms /itself/ violated the root norms, or at least the respect norm. Your override just enforces (appropriately, to me) the ground rules you started with. The law they enacted was unconstitutional, so you weren’t an autocrat, you were a check-and-balance.
October 21st, 2008 at 12:48 pm
You can model compassion.
You can’t teach it.
October 24th, 2008 at 12:19 pm
@Ken: Sigh. I know.
@Dan: I LIKE it.
@Nancy and both Bens: I think about your observations a lot, particularly when I come up again and again against the (tangential, but related) brick wall of how kids simply do not know how to have a respectful conversation with one another. This hobbles EVERYTHING I do, daily, and it broke my heart when I realized one day that I can’t necessarily rely on families to provide models– fodder for imagination– for my kids. Still chewing on this one. There is a means to explicitly teach these skills; I’ve seen it in action. I just need to pull together some resources and think it through. Perhaps I can make this a mini-unit to start off our learning after the BLEEPing state English exam in January.
@Joe: your praise is priceless.
@Jason: I think presentation is key here. The prompt Joe gave me is “I hate it when teachers…”, and I think this is immediately accessible to kids; you’re beginning with a conversation, rather than an assignment, if that makes sense. Let them bat their observations around with each other and support one another that way– cries of “I HATE THAT TOO” are common.
@Alex: I like the subtractive approach. I’ll keep that in mind for next year.
@Dave: Hello again, mystery man. Tricking kids sucks. Enough said.
@Kim: re: homework, this observation by kids(which ALWAYS comes up)is a lovely jumping off point for a conversation about what the purpose of homework is, and how it should be assigned. If you and the kids can spend twenty minutes to come to a consensus on that, I’ve noticed that the cost/benefit analysis is ridiculous– oodles and oodles of street cred.
I think I’ll do a quick post soon on my homework policy, come to think of it.